Argentina, the world’s 8th largest country, encompasses more than 1 million square miles at the southern end of the South American continent (about 1/3 the size of the US). It extends from the Tropic of Capricorn to windswept tundra in Tierra del Fuego, just a few hundred miles from Antarctica.

Given its prodigious size, it’s no wonder that Argentina boasts a dazzling array of premier fly fishing destinations as vast and varied. From chasing golden Dorado in tropical marshlands to battling trophy brown trout in Patagonia, anglers will not soon tire of the incredible diversity of fishing that only Argentina can offer. The range of environments and the extraordinary quality of game fish here have justly earned Argentina a reputation as a world-class angling destination.

Yet deciding exactly when and where to fish in a country of such epic proportions is an overwhelming task for any fisherman. You’ve probably heard Argentina and Patagonia have great fishing, but where exactly? When? With which guides? There is rarely enough time and/or money to fish it all, so it’s important to discern your priorities and identify the “can’t miss” areas ahead of time. Imagine coming to the US for the first time, having only a couple of weeks to experience what our country offers. Do you target trout, steelhead, tarpon, redfish, salmon, bass, or some combination above? The possibilities are mind-boggling, and Argentina presents a similar dilemma (if you call too many fishing options a dilemma).

For the sake of brevity, the three primary fishing regions in Argentina are:

•Northern Patagonia (a.k.a. the lake district): Multitudes of pristine rivers & lakes provide habitat for robust brown, rainbow, and brook trout populations. This is the most popular destination among visiting anglers.

•Southern Patagonia & Tierra del Fuego: The world’s best runs of sea trout (i.e. anadromous brown trout), draw anglers from around the globe to brave the elements for a chance at 20 + pounders.

• Northern Argentina: Dorado, not to be confused with the unrelated saltwater species, occupy the Rio de la Plata basin, and are unique to this watershed. Dorado is arguably one of the best freshwater fly rod species on earth, though they remain relatively unknown to many foreign anglers.

In Part 2, we’ll talk about when to go and discuss the separate fishing regions of Argentina in further detail

People often ask us when the best time and place to fish is in Patagonia or Argentina. It’s a largely impossible question, as there is no absolute “best” time or place to go, and where you decide to concentrate your efforts will depend largely on personal preferences. The purpose of this article is thus to provide some useful information on the various angling options to assist with such decisions. Keep in mind, however, that the enormity of Argentina makes any generalization about it quite…well…general. Describing the entire country in a single overview is like talking about “Fishing in the US” in one breath. Even if we devoted an entire book to this subject (which we did, by the way: www.FarawayFlyFishing.com/patagonia-guide-book/) it might not be enough to capture all the nuances of this diverse landscape. Therefore, we’re not shooting for a complete review here, but rather to highlight the key aspects that will help anglers contemplating a visit get started.

Buenos Aires

Before arriving at the fishing grounds, every visitor to Argentina first passes through the capital city of Buenos Aires, a thriving metropolis of over 13 million people. Often described as having more in common with its modern European counterparts than with the rest of Latin America, Buenos Aires is among the continent’s safest and most tourist-friendly cities. Much of this stems from the heavy Spanish and Italian immigration decades ago, which has produced a vibrant and unique urban culture. With its modern amenities, rich nightlife, famously beautiful women, and steaks-the-size-of-your-head, it’s sometimes a wonder that anglers ever get beyond this initial gateway point. A couple of days here is highly recommended, as it allows visitors to indulge in some cosmopolitan culture before heading off to the fishing grounds farther afield.

Once the hangover wears off, you’ll have to make the difficult decision of where to fish. The two most popular regions among fly fishermen are the northern and southern extremes of the country. In the far south lies Patagonia, a captivating, sparsely populated wilderness reminiscent of the American West, where wild trout, salmon, and steelhead thrive in pristine waterways pouring down from the snow-capped Andes. In the far north lies a subtropical environment drained by the enormous Rio de la Plata basin, home to the voracious golden Dorado and myriad other exotic species.

Patagonia

Patagonia is the name given to the entire southern peninsula of South America, roughly between 38 and 55 degrees south latitude. Its 380,000+ square miles are shared by the nations of Argentina and Chile, with the Andes mountain chain forming a natural boundary between them. Patagonia’s mystique and raw beauty have irresistibly drawn explorers, mountaineers, prospectors, and naturalists alike. Today, Patagonia is one of the last fly-fishing frontiers on earth. In its more remote areas, it is still a sparsely-inhabited and rustic land as trackless and wild as it was a century ago, where many lakes and rivers remain relatively unknown and unexplored by fishermen.

Characterized by dramatic contrasts, Patagonia’s fishing could comprise anything from turquoise rivers cutting through temperate rainforests to tea-stained chalk streams meandering over desolate steppe, or from sight-fishing in a technical spring creek to spey casting in a massive glacial river. And while the trout may technically be the same species as their Northern Hemisphere cousins, 100 years of uninterrupted adaptation within distinct environments has resulted in some exotic trout fishing unlike anywhere else in the world. Oversized trout chasing down equally oversized dry flies, explosive 20lb sea-run browns, or a unique run of Atlantic steelhead are just a few examples of the unparalleled fishing that Patagonia can offer.

Of Argentina’s roughly 40 million inhabitants, less than 10% live in Patagonia, although its landmass comprises approximately 30% of the country (an area the size of Montana and California combined). Popular conceptions of Patagonia, therefore, continue to characterize it as one of our last frontiers, often quite accurately. At the same time, parts of Patagonia are bustling with commerce and feature deluxe fishing lodges and other modern amenities to keep any tourist comfortable, if not pampered. Far from being the static “no man’s land” that some may imagine, Patagonia exhibits a great diversity of infrastructure & population densities. Generally speaking, both are more concentrated in northern Patagonia, gradually becoming smaller and farther apart as you head south. At the same time, however, the fish tend to be larger the farther south you go, primarily because of anadromous species like Steelhead and Sea Trout in the southern reaches. Patagonia is thus logically subdivided into two distinct regions: North and South.

Northern Patagonia:

With a compact network of stony rivers pouring freely from large Andean lakes, northern Patagonia has drawn anglers from around the world for well over half a century, and good reason. Offering unrivaled opportunities for traditional dry-fly fishing, enjoying a relatively hospitable climate (by Patagonian standards, anyway) and brimming with public access points, this area caters to the comfort and convenience of visiting anglers.

The entire region straddles a distinct climatic transition zone, where temperate rainforests in the Andean mountainside abruptly give way to increasingly parched steppe to the east. As such, most of the rivers originate in forested mountain lakes and descend through arid, treeless valleys contrasted by lush riparian vegetation clinging to the river banks. Glacier-capped volcanoes and monolithic rock formations rise prominently over the surrounding landscape, providing a dramatic backdrop when fishing some of the region’s most popular waterways. Gauchos, or Argentine cowboys, on horseback and native Mapuches with ox-driven carts are also regular sights, and it’s not uncommon to see these antiquated modes of transportation unhurriedly passing through some of the smaller towns.

Trout is the main angling quarry in northern Patagonia, and it can be found in nearly every waterway in the region after its wildly successful introduction over a century ago. Many of of the area’s lakes also contain significant numbers of trophy-sized trout, some exceeding 20lbs. While they can be difficult to pursue in the lakes, seasonal migrations to nearby rivers can produce unforgettable encounters. Suffice it to say that anglers could spend a lifetime exploring the region and still not see it all.

The best and the worst part of fishing northern Patagonia will likely stem from the same factor – generous public access. On the upside, tourist services, fishing guides, car rentals, etc., are easy to find here, and a short jaunt out of town will often bring you to any number of outstanding waterways, making buses, taxis, or even bikes viable transportation options. Combine this with typically good road conditions, and northern Patagonia is the most feasible choice for the do-it-yourself fisherman.

On the other hand, all those same factors make this one of Argentina’s most popular and accessible areas, visited by thousands of tourists each season. In this respect, the northern region can feel somewhat less “Patagonian” and adventurous than the more remote regions to the south. Since most fishing is located relatively close to several small population centers, some stretches receive a modest amount of pressure. However, it’s still comparatively light by North American standards, and it’s entirely possible to spend a day without encountering another angler.

•The Upside: There are many waterways to choose from, good dry fly fishing, abundant access, and tourist services.
•The Downside: More fishermen; average fish is somewhat smaller.
•What to bring: A fast-action 4-7-weight rod with floating line is ideal for most situations. Lake fishing and larger rivers may require heavier rods and heavy sinking lines.
•When to go: Trout fishing is good all season long. Early season (Nov-Dec) brings good lake fishing but is more prone to high water and erratic weather. Many smaller tributaries fish best with high water, however. Summer (Jan-Feb) means good hatches and easy wading, but it is the height of tourist season. Fall (Mar-Apr) brings brown trout migrations from lakes, but low water and cold weather can make things challenging.
•Primary Towns: Alumine, Junín de los Andes, San Martín de los Andes, Bariloche, Esquel, Corcovado

Southern Patagonia & Tierra del Fuego:

Once away from the northern region, where the trappings of civilization and tourism are never terribly distant, one enters a land that has largely preserved its frontier element. It is a harsh, sparsely populated territory where the pace of life slows perceptibly. The infrastructure is poor over great distances, and tourists are notably scarcer. Yet southern Patagonia is home to impressive anadromous varieties like sea run brown trout and steelhead, which provide more than adequate motivation to brave the elements.

This vast, Wyoming-esque landscape is characterized by short summers, intemperate weather, and indefatigable winds. A scant population, averaging, ekes out an equally scant existence, save for a few port cities hugging the bleak Atlantic coastline. But within this inhospitable region, one also finds a land of desolate beauty and dramatic contrasts, where angry spires of barren rock and icy peaks give way to a seemingly never-ending horizon of harsh, semi-desert steppe that extends several hundred kilometers to the South Atlantic. A closer look at these barren expanses also reveals a surprising diversity of life. Among the more conspicuous native species are guanacos, rheas, condors, foxes, sea lions,, penguins, and the elusive puma.

Trout are also the primary gamefish in the south, but unique conditions here have transformed many of their populations into anadromous runs. Instead of clear streams pouring over stony bottoms, the waterways in southern Patagonia are heavily influenced by glacial runoff and soil tannins. The result is cold, cloudy, and nutrient-poor water that usually cannot sustain healthy resident trout.  As a response, both rainbow and brown trout have developed sea-run behavior, and the rich waters of the South Atlantic allow these fish to grow to record-breaking proportions. When these monsters return to the shallow coastal rivers to spawn, they produce angling opportunities that are unrivaled worldwide. An average brown here is quite probably a fish of a lifetime most anywhere else, a fact which draws discerning fishermen from around the world, and has won the best rivers international fame (the Rio Grande, Gallegos, and Irigoyen). Not surprisingly, access to these rivers is controlled mainly by private fishing lodges. While certainly worth the money, most anglers intent on doing it themselves best look elsewhere.

The world-class sea trout fishing draws the vast majority of fishermen to this part of the world, but that’s not to say that quality resident trout fishing doesn’t exist. On the contrary, it can often be more challenging than northern Patagonia for several reasons. While some of the region’s fisheries may yield world-class trout fishing, others may seem quite uninspiring, yielding disappointingly small fish or none at all. Compound this hit-or-miss fishing with poor road conditions, vast distances between drainages, and a harsh climate, and it’s little wonder this portion of Patagonia is categorically the least-known and visited among anglers. Unlike the north, DIY trips are less feasible here. Hence, hiring a capable and well-equipped guide is often crucial to success unless you opt for one of the premier lodges catering to sea-trout, which are on par with luxury resorts worldwide.

•The Upside: Unparalleled sea-run brown trout fishing; world-class lodges; untamed wilderness beyond.
•The downside is greater distances between fisheries, high winds, and restricted public access to many sea-trout rivers.
•What to Bring: a fast-action 8-weight rod with various lines, and/or a spey rod to facilitate casting in high winds.
•When to Go: Sea Trout begin entering rivers in summer (Dec – Feb) and continue to be fishable through fall (Mar-Apr). Steelhead season begins in late February and continues through Apr (only on the Santa Cruz river). Resident trout can be pursued all season long.
•Primary towns: Rio Gallegos, Piedra Buena, El Calafate, Rio Grande, Ushuaia

That’s Patagonia in a nutshell. In part 3, we’ll discuss the other fishing zone in Argentina—the domain of the golden Dorado.

While the golden Dorado has long been admired in Argentina, until recently it was almost wholly unknown to the outside world. Only within the last decade or so have Dorado become recognized as one of the world’s most exciting and prized freshwater game fish. The Dorado is a unique species that defies categorization. It is like a supernatural hybrid between a turbo-charged bass and a trout on steroids, with powerful jaws and rows of razor-sharp teeth to feed its voracious appetite. Combine these characteristics with its propensity for acrobatic leaps, savage takes, and brilliant gold-plated scales, and it’s easy to see why Larry Dahlberg dubbed the dorado “the world’s toughest game fish.”

The Dorado of Argentina is often confused with the more widely known saltwater dorado (a.k.a. dolphin fish or mahi mahi). However, the two species share nothing besides their namesake (Dorado means golden in Spanish). And despite having Salminus in its name and sharing a similar body shape, the golden Dorado (Salminus maxillosus) is unrelated to any salmonid species. Ranging anywhere from 2 to 40+ pounds, Dorado are THE top-level predator in their domain and feed mainly on the sabalo baitfish. The most common technique when targeting them is to cast large, noisy flies with aggressive strip retrieves. Like trout, they prefer structures such as logs, rocks, current seams, or overhanging vegetation from which they can ambush prey. Their takes are violent, followed immediately by a series of jumps that leave most fishermen with their mouths hanging down to their chins.

Dorado are endemic to the Rio de la Plata watershed, which drains a massive basin covering nearly 1/5 of the South American Continent, including central Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, parts of Bolivia, and northern Argentina. Tributaries such as the Paraná, Uruguay, and Corrientes rivers are the primary destinations for visiting fishermen, to name a few. The climate is subtropical, and many places support exotic wildlife such as capybara, caiman, water buffalo, and hundreds of exotic bird species of all shapes and sizes. This biodiversity extends below the water as well. In addition to Dorado, you’ll likely be catching other native species such as pacu (an incredible game fish in its own right), piranhas, pira pita, tararira, and surubi, among others.

Unlike much of Patagonia, where do-it-yourself fishing is a distinct, if not always easy, possibility, those wishing to target Dorado will need the services of an outfitter. Large, ominous rivers, labyrinthine canals, and marshlands demand a powerboat and an experienced guide to navigate you to fish. This is simply a fact of life, though it is well worth the expense. On the plus side, most Dorado destinations are much closer to Buenos Aires than Patagonia is, which cuts down on travel time & cost.

Some of the more popular destinations include the Esteros de Iberá, which is a sublime expanse of virgin wetlands roughly twice the size of the Florida Everglades, the Corrientes river delta where it meets the Rio Parana, the Rio Uruguay below Salto Grande Dam, and the Parana river near Yahapé and Goya.

•The Upside: a unique experience; amazing scenery; exotic and powerful fish.
•The Downside: no DIY opportunities, hot, tropical weather
•What to Bring: fast-action 7-9 weight rods, floating lines, steel leaders, BIG streamers
•When to go: The dorado fishing season is nearly year-round, though local fluctuations are highly pronounced due to changing water conditions and fish migrations. Be sure to plan and get knowledgeable advice to choose the right destination given your timing.
•Primary nearby towns: Esquina, Goya, Corrientes, Concordia, Mercedes

Regardless of which fishing destination you choose or how the catching is when you get there, fly fishing in Argentina is truly a one-of-a-kind adventure. Although it is undoubtedly an exotic and remote destination, it is much closer and more convenient than you might think. Consider, for example, that the distance between Miami and Buenos Aires is less than between Miami and Anchorage. Direct flights to Argentina from the US average around 10 hours, while those to New Zealand are roughly twice that long. Finally, Argentina is only one hour ahead of our Eastern Time Zone, significantly reducing “jet lag” and leaving more fishing time. And this is to say nothing about the incredible hospitality of the Argentine people, which, combined with an abundance of modern amenities and the popularity of the English language, will help smooth the transition for less-experienced travelers. So if you have ever dreamt of fishing in Argentina but were discouraged by logistics or unknowns, the fly fishing trip of a lifetime is closer and more feasible than it may seem. With so many appealing characteristics, the most challenging part of fishing Argentina is simply deciding where to begin….See you there.